ICT and EDUCATION
} ICTs
stand for information and communication technologies and are defined, as
a “diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to
create, disseminate, store, and manage information.”These technologies include computers,
the Internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and television), and telephony.
What is e-learning?
} e-learning
encompasses learning at all levels, both formal and non-formal, that uses an
information network—the Internet, an intranet (LAN) or extranet (WAN) whether
wholly or in part, for course delivery, interaction and/or facilitation. Others
prefer the term online learning. Web-based learning is a subset of e
learning and refers to learning using an Internet browser (such as Netscape
or Internet Explorer).
What is blended learning?
This refers to learning models that combine traditional
classroom practice with e-learning solutions. For example, students in a
traditional class can be assigned both print-based and online materials, have
online mentoring sessions with their teacher through chat, and are subscribed
to a class email list.
·
“Blending” was prompted by the recognition that
not all learning is best achieved in an electronically-mediated environment,
particularly one that dispenses with a live
Instructor altogether.
Digital Age Literacy
} Functional
literacy- Ability to decipher meaning and express ideas in a range of media;
this includes the use of images, graphics, video, charts and graphs or visual
literacy
} Scientific
literacy- Understanding of both the theoretical and applied aspects of science
and mathematics
} Technological
literacy- Competence in the use of information and communication technologies
} Information
literacy- Ability to find, evaluate and make appropriate use of information, including
via the use of ICTs
} Cultural
literacy -Appreciation of the diversity of cultures
} Global
awareness- Understanding of how nations, corporations, and communities all over
the world are interrelated
Inventive Thinking
} Adaptability-Ability
to adapt and manage in a complex, interdependent world
} Curiosity-
Desire to know
} Creativity-
Ability to use imagination to create new things
} Risk-taking-
Ability to take risks
Higher-Order Thinking-
Creative problem-solving and logical thinking that result
in sound judgments
Effective Communication
} Teaming
Ability - to work in a team
} Collaboration
and interpersonal skills- Ability to interact smoothly and work effectively
with others
} Personal
and social responsibility - Be accountable for the way they use
ICTs and to learn to use ICTs for the public good
} Interactive
communication- Competence in conveying,
transmitting, accessing and understanding information
} High
Productivity- Ability to prioritize,
plan, and manage programs and projects to achieve the desired Results
Ability to apply what they learn
in the classroom to real-life contexts to create relevant, high-quality
products
How can the use of ICTs help improve the quality of
education?
• Motivating
to learn.
• Facilitating
the acquisition of basic skills
• Enhancing
teacher training
• Active
learning
• Collaborative
learning
• Creative
Learning
• Integrative
learning
• Evaluative
learning
Traditional pedagogy:
} Active • Activities prescribed by teacher
• Whole class
instruction
• Little variation in
activities
• Pace determined by
the programme
} Collaborative
• Individual
• Homogenous groups
• Everyone for him/herself
} Creative • Reproductive learning
• Apply known
solutions to problems
} Integrative • No link between theory and
practice
• Separate subjects
• Discipline-based
• Individual
teachers
} Evaluative • Teacher-directed
• Summative
Emerging pedagogy’ for the
information society
Activities determined by learners
• Small groups • Many different
activities
• Pace determined by learners
• Working in team
• Heterogeneous groups
• Supporting each other
• Productive learning
• Find new solutions to problems
• Integrating theory and practice
• Relations between subjects
• Thematic
• Teams of teachers
•Student-directed
• Diagnostic
How have computers and the
Internet been used for teaching and learning?
} There
are three general approaches to the instructional use of computers and the
Internet, namely:
} 1)
Learning about computers and the Internet, in which technological literacy is
the end goal;
} 2)
Learning with computers and the Internet, in which the technology facilitates
learning across
the curriculum; and
} 3)
Learning through computers and the Internet, integrating technological skills
development
with curriculum applications
What does it mean to learn
about computers and the Internet?
} Learning
about computers and the Internet focuses on developing technological literacy.
It typicallyincludes:
} •
Fundamentals: basic terms, concepts and operations
} •
Use of the keyboard and mouse
} •
Use of productivity tools such as word processing, spreadsheets, data base and graphics
programs
} •
Use of research and collaboration tools such as search engines and email
} •
Basic skills in using programming and authoring applications such as Logo or
Hyper Studio
} •
Developing an awareness of the social impact of technological change.
Origin of Computer
The term Computer, originally meant a person capable of
performing numerical calculations with the help of a mechanical computing
device. Binary arithmetic is at the core of the computers of all times. History
of computers dates back to the invention of a mechanical adding machine in
1642. ABACUS, an early computing tool, invention of logarithm by John Napier
and the invention of slide rules by William Oughtred were significant events in
the evolution of computers.
Evolution of Computer
} In
1937 John V. Atanasoff devised the first
digital electronic computer.
} Atanasoff
and Clifford Berry came up with the ABC prototype in the November of 1939.
} Konrad
Zuse’s electromechanical ‘Z Machines’, especially the Z3 of 1941 was a notable
achievement in the evolution of computers.
} The
Colossus machines were electronic computing devices used by
British code breakers to help read encrypted German messages during World War
II.
} The
U.S. Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory came up with the Electronic
Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC) in 1946. It came to be known as the
first general purpose electronic computer.
} UNIVAC
1(Universal Automatic Computer 1) was the commercial computer produced in USA.
It was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mouchly, the inventors of ENIAC
} IBM(International
Business Machines )650.
} Personal
Computers( Desk Top, Lap Top, Palm Top)
Generations
(Computer)
(Computer)
} 1st
generation- Vacuum Tubes
} 2nd
generation-Transistor
} 3rd
generation- I C[Integrated Circuit] Chips
} 4th
generation- Micro processor
} 5th
generation- Artificial Intelligence
Hard disk
} A
hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard
drive," or "hard disk drive," that stores and provides
relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an electromagnetically
charged surface or set of surfaces.
} It
is the brain of a computer. Information storage capacity is measured in GB
Spreadsheet
— A
spreadsheet is a computer application that simulates a paper, accounting
worksheet. It displays multiple cells usually in a two-dimensional matrix or
grid consisting of rows and columns.
— Data
consolidating software
— Producing
different types of data sheets
— Using
for office work
Database
— A
database is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes,
usually in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant
aspects of reality, in a way that supports processes requiring this information
(for example, finding a hotel with vacancies).
— An
integrated collection of related files
Data base function
1)
Collecting data
2)
Processing data
3)
Storing of data
4)
Dissemination of data
Entity
— An
entity is something that has a distinct, separate existence, although it
need not be a material existence. In particular, abstractions and legal
fictions are usually regarded as entities. Sometimes, the word entity is
used in a general sense of a being, whether or not the referent has material
existence; e.g., is often referred to as an entity with no corporeal form, such
as a language. It is also often used to refer to ghosts and other spirits.
— E.g.
: Pen Bag, Mike stand etc
Attribute
— An
attribute is a specification that defines a property of an object,
element, or file.
— Features
or properties that characterise an entity
e.g. Name, Colour,
Price etc.
Database Management System (DBMS)
— A
Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package with
computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and the use of a
database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various
applications by database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. A
database is an integrated collection of data records, files, and other database
objects needed by an application.
— The
objective DBMS is to provide a convenient & effective method of designing,
storing and retrieving the information contained in the database
Web browser
— A
web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and
traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information
resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and may be a
web page, image, video or other piece of content
— The
major web browsers are Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, Apple Safari
and Opera.
— The
purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML
documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML
tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:
Web server
— Web
server can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the
computer application) that helps to deliver that can be accessed through the
Internet
— The
most common use of Web servers is to host Web sites but there are other uses
like data storage or for running enterprise applications.
Base of Computer
— Speed
— Accuracy
— Memory
A Computer System:
Inputs
— Key board
— Pointing Device
(a) Mouse (b) Light Pen
— Scanner
— Camera, Web Camera
— CD/Floppy
Outputs
— Monitor
— Printer
— Speaker
Peripherals:
Devices which are
connected to the mother board of computer
— Printer
— Scanner
— Modem
— Speaker/Micro phone
CPU
CPU is a combination
of many devices
— Power Switch
— Re start
— CD/ Floppy devices
— Processor
— Mother Board
— RAM
— Hard Disk
— Slots
Software- 2 types:
Operating Software
— Windows
— Linux
— Unix
— Solaris
Application Software
— MS office
— Photoshop
— PageMaker
— Power Point
— Corel Draw
Operating System
— An operating system is a system software
that sits between the hardware and the application software we use in the
computer. It acts as a system administrator and provides a platform on which
application programme can be run
The Scroll bar
— In some cases a window’s size may not be
enough to display all the necessary material inside that window. In such cases
you see a scroll bar placed at the extreme right of the window. We can look a
material by clicking on the scroll bar and dragging it down
RAM & ROM
Random Access Memory
— Mind of a computer
— Temporary memory
— Not exist in offline
Read Only Memory
— Sub conscious mind of a computer
— Permanent memory
— Exist in offline
Booting:
— Process of transforming required programmes
from hard disk drive to RAM in order to perform the processor in specific tasks
Processor :
— Intelligence of a computer. Intel Pentium,
Intel Quad Core etc. are examples. More neurons in brain means more
intelligence. Like wise more transistors in processor means more speed and
performance for a computer
Concept of Desk Top
— ICONS – Symbolic representation of a programme
— GUI(Graphical User Interface)- It gives a
graphical interface to the user
— Mouse Pointer
— Task Bar
CD drive/Optical
drive
— The drive needed to use CDs (Secondary
Memory Unit). There should be a tray at the top of a CPU
Mother board
— Central platform of a computer which
includes processor and RAM. Hard disk will be connected to the Mother board
Data & File
Inputing data
— Text
— Image
— sound
Saving a file
— Drive
— Folder
— File
BIT Memory
— 8 Bit – 1 Byte
— 1024 Byte – 1 Kilo byte (1 kb)
— 1024 Kb – 1 Mega byte (1 MB)
— 1024 MB – 1 Giga byte (1 GB)
— 1024 GB – 1 Terra byte (1 TB)
Local
area network
} A local area network (LAN)
is a computer network that connects computers and devices in a limited
geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory or office building
Wide
area network
— A wide area network (WAN)
is a telecommunication network that covers a broad area (i.e., any network that
links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). Business and
government entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees, clients,
buyers, and suppliers from various geographical locations. In essence this mode
of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily
function regardless of location.
Metropolitan
area network
— A metropolitan area network
(MAN) is a computer network that
usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of
local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as
fibre-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or
WAN) and the Internet.
Internet
— The Internet is a global
system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet
Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network
of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic,
business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by
a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The
Internet can also be defined as a worldwide interconnection of computers and
computer networks that facilitate the sharing or exchange of information among
users.
History of Internet
— ARDANET (Advanced Research Project Agency
Network)
- this was the first systematic network.
First launched in USA for military purpose
— JANET (Joined Academic Network)
- for academic purpose
Characteristics of
Internet
-Store house of
Knowledge
-Entertainment
-Global supermarket
-Communication Media
THE WEB
— Net working of computer
— Internet working
— Easy flow of information
— World wide coverage
— Biggest mass media
— Speed data transferring
Internet & World
Wide Web(www):
— The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in
everyday speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World
Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global data communications
system. It is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity
between computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via
the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other
resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs
Internet as a Mass Media
— Main functions:
-Collection, distribution &
interpretation of information
-Provision of a
medium for different types communication like text voice, on-line etc
-Entertainment &
Socialisation
-Transmission of
social heritage from one region to another & from one generation to other
-Enrichment of
economy & culture
-Provision of a
worldwide single communication channel
Internet & Education:
Distance Education
-Planning of course
-Registration &
admission
-Study materials
& contact classes
-Online exam &
feedback
-Online public exam
& result
-Publication
Interactive
Multimedia:
-Preparation &
presentation of multi media packages for different purposes
-Wide use of
different interactive devices
-Provision for two
way learning
-Desktop video
conferencing (Computer mediated communication)
Inter-active
Technical Documentation
Electronic storing of
data
Significance of internet media
Need & scope
Rapid growth in storage devices
Storing format
Picture / sound
ERNET
Education &
research network
-Launched by India
Govt.
-Nation wide network
-Promotion of
research & employment
-Providing ISP
service to educational institution to all over India
On-line teaching
“Students &
teachers are away each other”
- Use of new technology
- E materials
- Modern communication techniques &
devices
- On-line library
- On-line exam/result/certification
On-line teaching –
Merits
- Informal
& non- formal education
-Low cost & time saving
-Privacy
-Self Pacing
-Individual difference
-No need for formal set up
-Self motivation & self discipline
Content &
Design of an on-line Teaching material
The scope of the
materials should be determined & a creative treatment should be made. The
subject expert should specify what will be taught & how it will be
presented
Website:
— A website
(also written Web site[ or
simply site) is a collection of
related web pages containing images, videos or other digital assets. A website
is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the
Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address also
called URL.
— All publically accessible websites
collectively constitute the World Wide Web
— The pages of a website can usually be
accessed from a simple Uniform Resource Locator (URL) called the homepage. The
URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although hyperlinking between
them conveys the reader's perceived site structure
World Wide Web (WWW)
— The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in
1990 by CERN physicist Tim Berners-Lee. On 30 April 1993, CERN announced that
the World Wide Web would be free to use for anyone.
Website Address
— (1) Web Page
-Page in the website
-HTML format
-Consists of Hyper Links
— (2)Home Page
-First/ opening/introducing page of a
website
-Provides links & heads to that
site
All home pages are web pages, but all
web pages are not home pages
Web Server
— Master computer consists website resources
— Collection of web sites
— Store house of data & information
Web Browsers
— Soft wares to interact with www
- Internet explorer
- Mozilla fire fox
- Google chrome
Surfing / Browsing
— Searching information in website using web
browsers
Book Marking
— Saving the URL of visited site & making
the list
Search Engines
— Help to search information on the net
-Google, Yahoo, Atta, Vista
E-mail(Electronic
Mail)
— Mailing through a net work
-It is an electronic mail
- Provides free mail
Procedure of creating
E-mail
— Step 1 – sign up
Go to the web site of an email provider
& click the option Sign up
— Step 2 – enter primary details
— Step 3 – Creating user ID & pass word
— Step 4 – Signing the agreement
Word
processor
— A word processor is a
computer application used for the production (including composition, editing,
formatting, and possibly printing) of any sort of printable material. Microsoft
Word is the most widely used word processing software.
— Components of DTP
MS word & open office writer
Free Software
— Freedom software –Linuz Torwaldis &
Richard Stalman developed this software. Source code is available… can be
copied, make improvements. So it is free software
Computer programming
— Computer programming is the iterative process of writing or editing
source code. Editing source code involves testing, analyzing, and refining, and
sometimes coordinating with other programmers on a jointly developed program.
The sometimes lengthy process of computer programming is usually referred to as
software development.
— Programme software may be used for a
specific purpose. Eg. To give options for new pay scale or for admission to a
course
Mail Merge
It is an option used
in MS word for sending the same document to many people
— Create main document
— Create data source & get data
— Merge the data with the main document
Creating Slides in MS
Power Point
— Preparation of story board
— Start
— Programme
— MS power point
— Format – Slide lay out
— Format – Colour/ design
— Entering the data
— Insert – inserting picture, movies, sound etc.
— Slide show – Present / custom animation
— Slide show- slide transition
— Insert – new slide
— Repeat the steps
— Slide show – view show
Internet Protocols
— Ips are the sets of rules that allows for
inter-machine communication on the internet. Almost every protocol type is
available on the internet is accessible on the web. The following major
protocols are accessible on the web:
— E-mail (Simple Mail Transport Protocol or
SMTP)
— Telnet (Telenet Protocol)
— FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
— Usenet (Network News Transfer Protocol or
NNPT)
— HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Story Board
Includes:
1. A description of the over all scenes and
action for the topic
2.Narration scripts for spoken audio voice
3.On screen text that the viewer will read
4.Text questions/ strategy with feed back
5.Descriptions of music & sound effects
6.descriptions of visuals to be displayed
7.File names for all multi-media elements
HTML (Hyper Text
Markup Language)
— Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the
predominant markup language for web pages. HTML elements are the basic
building-blocks of WebPages.
— A format for creating Web pages
Text editors like Notepad, G-edit etc can
be used for writing HTML. Letters, Figures, Charts etc can be displayed easily
using HTML
- File format HTML
-
Creating Web Page
- Create files using text editor note pad
- Save the file as HTML
Format for writing
HTML file
— All files begin with and ends
with
— The text between and
describes the web page
— The text between and
is the visible page content
— The text between
and
is displayed as a heading
— The text between
and is displayed as a paragraph
HTML Mailto
— The mailto is a quick way to add the
facility of receiving feedback from visitor on your web site. With the HTML
mailto, you create a link which when clicked by the visitor launches (if it's
not already running) their email program with a new email message window. The
visitor could then formulate the email message and send it off to you.
The Basic form of HTML mailto
— In its bare form a mailto looks like:
Send me an email
ICT in Education
-
Nature of new IT
— Speed,
accuracy, time & space
New ICT & Learning
— Pre- School/ Home
— Primary
level
— Secondary
level
— Higher
education
— Teacher
Education
— Vocational
education
— Non-
formal education
— Adult
education
ICT based testing
& Monitoring
— Question
Setting
— Question
banking
— Testing
— Valuation
& result
— Item
analysis
— Use
of DBMS
— Monitoring-
keeping personal data, Assessing performance,
Giving Suggestions
ICT in Class room
— From Behaviourism to Constructivism
- Psychological way of thinking
- Construction of knowledge
- Inquiry/ Scientific method
- Learning through social interaction
- Global society
- Bring society into the class room
(Internet & Multi- media merits)
Impact of ICT
1. Higher order thinking
2. Divergent thinking
3. Scientific temperament
4. Learning by doing
5. Real & concrete experience
6. Learner centered teaching & learning
7. Concept of Multiple Intelligence
8. Both IQ & EQ develops
9. Equal opportunity to all
10. Considering individual difference
11. Co- operative & Collaborative
learning
12. Play-way method- Stress on games
Health
issues related to the use of ICT
— Computer area
- sitting down with good posture
- Feet should touch the floor
- support the lumber area
- Tip seat forward
- Position of monitor
- Use a document holder
- Take breaks & shift your position
- Use wrist supports for the key board
& mouse
- Phone position
Physical Fatigue (
Use of ICT)
1. Eye strain &
problems with vision
( blurring & itching Being typical)
2. Head aches – Prolonged staring at the
screen
3. Check that the light levels are
comfortable & that not dealing with screen
reflected glare from windows or
lighting
4. Back should be straight & top of the
monitor should be just below the eye
level
Information
Technology
— Everything under the roof of communication
of information
New
Technologies in IT
-Invention of micro processor
-Storage & memory technology
-Reprography
-Nano technology
IT developments in
India
1.Indian Statistical
Institute (ISI), Kolkotha – Firstly Computerised
Official IT Portal in India- National
Informatics centre (NIC)… Leads IT in India, Advise the Govt. in IT matters
NICNET- NIC Network
2.Indonet
-Commercial network, banking network,
exporting softwares
3.NCSDCT- National
Centre for Software Development & Computing Technology
-1974 at TATA institute of fundamental
research
-software engineering
-networking & graphical oriented society
4. C-DAC- Centre for
Development of Advanced Technology
- Under Ministry of Communication &
Information
- Training & development of human
resource in IT research & development
PACE – Programme for Advancing computer
Education
ACTS – Advanced Computer Training School
NMRC
– National Multimedia Resource Centre
5.CMC – Computer
Maintenance Corporation
- Development of electronics
- Hardware engineering
- Computer maintenance
Information Technology
• Everything under the roof of communication
of information
New
Technologies in IT
-Invention of micro processor
-Storage & memory technology
-Reprography
-Nano technology
IT developments in
India:
1.Indian Statistical
Institute (ISI), Kolkotha – Firstly Computerised
Official IT Portal in India- National
Informatics centre (NIC)… Leads IT in India, Advise the Govt. in IT matters
NICNET- NIC Network
2.Indonet
-Commercial network, banking network,
exporting softwares
3.NCSDCT- National
Centre for Software Development & Computing Technology
-1974 at TATA institute of fundamental
research
-software engineering
-networking & graphical oriented society
4. C-DAC- Centre for
Development of Advanced Technology
- Under Ministry of Communication &
Information
- Training & development of human
resource in IT research & development
PACE – Programme for Advancing computer
Education
ACTS – Advanced Computer Training School
NMRC – National Multimedia Resource Centre
5. CMC – Computer
Maintenance Corporation
- Development of electronics
- Hardware engineering
- Computer maintenance
IT in Kerala
¨ IT@School
¨ Intel
cor.
¨ State
Project Coordinator
¨ District
Project Coordinator
¨ Akshaya
Project
¨ E-governance
Communication
¨ Communication is the activity of
conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message,
and a recipient. The communication process is complete once the receiver has
understood the message of the sender.
Barriers to Effective Communication
1.Filtering
¨ Filtering
is the deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable
to the receiver.
2.Selective Perception
¨ Selective
perception is the personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our
own needs. Much of this process is psychological and often unconscious.
3.Emotions
¨
A mental state that arises spontaneously rather
than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological
changes; a feeling: the emotions of joy, sorrow, hate, and love. The emotions
of sender & receiver will affect communication
4.Language
¨
Human language is unique because it is a
symbolic communication system that is learned instead of biologically
inherited. But if we don’t understand the correct meaning of the language used
by others, that will definitely create problems
Noise in communication
•
The
Goal of all communication is understanding. Anything which interferes with this
is called Noise
¨ Noise
may be in three forms- External, Internal & Semantic
- External- Anything outside of a person that distracts him/ her during communication- Sights, Sounds, Smell, Environmental factors etc.
- Thoughts or feelings that interfere with communication- Day dreaming, feeling tired, ill
- Reactions aroused unintentionally by symbols or words, causing listener to abruptly focus on a un related topic- Discriminatory remarks, controversial symbols
Communication
Network
Satellites,
transponders TV, www, internet & multimedia computer education can be
provided everyone who needed
¨ 1. Chain Network:
In a chain
network, the sender communicates with one receiver(No.1) who then communicates
with the next receiver & so on until the message is received by the last
receiver.
¨ Wheel Network
¨
Sender in a central Position
¨
He/she communicates to all
¨
May be one way or two way
Star Network
¨ Peer
Network
¨ Everyone
communicates mutually
¨ No
importance to sender
Media Selection Factors
1.Task
Factor
A work assigned for implementation
2.Learner
Factor
Three domains of learner- Learner
centered
3.Economic
Factor
Most effective, least cost, easy available
4.
Instructional strategy Factor
Teaching & learning strategy, Methods of teaching,
Teacher/ learner centered
5.Technical
factor
Technically qualified teacher, Feasibility of School,
Infrastructure
6.Management
Factor
Planning, Execution, Evaluation
Multi-
Sensory Approach
“Information
is flowing through the different senses- then by learner gets a totality of
experience & maximum stimulation”
¨ Merits of Multi sensory Approach
-
Totality of Experience
-
Reality of Experience
-
Clear concept formation
-
Motivated learning
-
Multi sensory stimulation
-
Free flow of communication
-
Long lasting retention
-
Self pacing
-
Low cost
-
Time saving
-
Scientific temper
Role of Audio- Visuals
¨ “Audio visual aid is multi-
sensory materials and best antidote to the disease of verbalism”-
Edgar dale
LANGUAGE LAB:
-
Origin
in USA
-
-Developed
in UK
-
-Self
pacing facility in language development
-
-Stress
for communicative aspect
-
A LL is a room containing such equipments as
audio- tape recorders and computers that would help students to learn a foreign
language with or without the help of a teacher
Components
of language lab
- Control Room – store house of material
- Advisory/ console room- teacher’s room/ Transmission room
- Hearing booth/ Operators room/ 16-20 booths/ sound proof booth
CAS/SDI
¨ Current Awareness Service
- Right information on right time
- Public service
- Subscribe to research information about a
specific subject on the basis of our own search criteria
- will be notified about the new
information through an email message
¨ Selective Dissemination of
Information (SDI)
Reprographic
Service
Process & method used for copying& duplicating
documents
¨ Re- production of documents
¨ Easy availability
¨ Popular access
¨ Wide spread use
¨ Assist CAI & SDI
Reprography
Non- Photographic
1. Manual
- Manual transcription, Type writing
2.
Mechanical
- Cyclostyle
- Offset
Photographic
1. Exposure
a. Direct contact method- one side
b. Contact reflex method- two side
c. Optical method- digitalised
2. Development
a. Silver halide process-
Black & white photos
b. Diazo process- Using diazoniam salt
Reprography & Copy right
¨ Indian
copy right act 1957
¨ Life
time + 50 years after death
¨ Challenges
in copy right
¨ Piracy
Micro forms
• This
is a printed item that has been reduced to a size too small to be read by the
unaided eye. Microfiche and Microfilm are types of Microforms and require the
use of a Microform reader. Term used to represent all
types of micro documents
• Transparent
or opaque
• Roll
or sheet form
• Too
small to read with naked eyes
• Analyse
or reading equipment is needed to enlarge- it becomes readable
• Readers
for Micro transparencies/ micro opaque or hand viewers are used for reading
micro forms
Common Micro
forms
Microfilm is a type of Microfiche which resembles a
large roll of camera film. A single Microfilm roll can hold many more
pages than a Microfiche page.
- Micro film
- Ribbon or a
strip of 22.5 cm
- Clarity
- Cheaper
- Risk in keeping
2. Micro Fiche
Microfiche is a type of Microform which consists of a single
sheet of plastic that can hold numerous copied pages. If an article or
document is comprised of hundreds of pages, many Microfiche sheets may be
needed.
¨ - Micro transparency
¨ - Sheets having number of rows of image or
data
¨ - 75x 125 mm, 90x 120 mm, 105x 148 mm, 105x
150 mm
¨ - Listing purpose like
¨ Bibliographic details
3. Ultra fiche
Ultrafiche is an exceptionally compact version of a
microfiche or microfilm, storing analog data at much higher densities.
- advanced form
of Micro fiche
- 3200 pages in
105 x 148 mm UF film
- Library use
4. Micro
card
A memory card or flash memory card is
a solid-state electronic flash memory data storage device
-is a micro-opaque card used for
storage of miniaturized text.
Photographic produced micro opaque
5. Micro
Print
-Microprinting is one of many anti-counterfeiting
techniques used most often on currency and bank checks,
as well as various other items of value.
- When the note or item is placed in a photocopier or
computer scanner, a line of microprint text will appear to the
copier or scanner as a dotted or solid line
-Printing by a special offset process
6. Micro
form readers
Devices to read micro film, micro fiche or micro card
-Hand viewers
- Micro
transparency readers
- Micro opaque
Merits of Micro forms
¨ The
advantages of microforms are that they allow for the compact storage of very
large amounts of printed material in a small space and are not subject to the
kind of deterioration that destroys print collections. Microforms are
often the only available access to certain types of printed matter.
-Storage media
- Cheaper
- Less spaced
Communication
Resource Centres
An extended
library centre which provide resource materials for teaching & learning.
- Providing
multi dimensional learning & teaching materials
¨ Functions
of resource centre
- Information centre (a. Store house of knowledge b. Books, periodicals, journals etc.)
- Take away centre ( -Borrowing of materials, - Make use of everything on the basis of certain rules)
- Knowledge Exchange Centre ( Discussion, Seminar, Symposium, Demonstration)
- Offering variety courses (Short term courses, diploma programmes, Special coaching programmes)
- Research Development (Promoting innovations, Conducting Projects, Providing Scholarships, Guidance & Counselling)
- Community sharing centre
Resource Centres
in Schools & Colleges
¨ Proper
space
¨ Equipments
¨ Service
facilities
¨ Provision
for utilisation
¨ Funding
& budgeting
¨ Connecting
with school activities & time table
Educational
Technology Cell (ETC)
¨ In
1972 ETC established in India for Educational broad casting
¨ 1972-1974-
started in Maharashtra & Gujarat
¨ Promoting
the use of new technology in Education
Educational
Technology Cell (ETC)
Objectives
¨ Quality
education for all
¨ Universalisation
of Elementary Education(UEE)
¨ Check
drop outs & stagnation
¨ Coordinating
Educational Technology
¨ Production
of multi media
Functions
¨ Educational
broad casting
¨ Linking
with TV & Radio
¨ Producing
& Providing technical resources
¨ Make use
of AV technology for quality education
Mass Media
¨ Mass
media is media which is intended for a large audience. It may take the form of
broadcast media, as in the case of television and radio, or print media, like
newspapers and magazines. Internet media can also attain mass media status, and
many mass media outlets maintain a web presence to take advantage of the ready
availability of Internet in many regions of the world. Some people also refer
to the mass media as the “mainstream media”
Educational
Mass media
¨ News
paper
¨ Radio
¨ Television
¨ Cinema
¨ Internet
Utilising
for
- For
instructional Purpose
-
Universalisation of Educational opportunities
- Education
for all
Folk media
¨ A
group having their own tradition &customs
¨ Share
some common factors
Folklore
¨ The
traditional beliefs, practices, customs, stories, jokes, songs (etc.) of a
people, handed down orally or behaviorally from individual to individual.
¨ The
sum total of the life style of both socio & cultural( Arts/ craft) aspects.
¨ Folk
media uses to express or perform folklore are:
verbal, musical,
visual
Folk Media
Role of Folk Media
¨ Reflection
of the characteristics of a community
¨ Awareness
programme
¨ Entertainment
Folk media today
¨ Scope
of folklore
¨ Diversional
Indian culture
¨ New
media culture & folklore
¨ Impact
of e-media
Print Media
¨ Print
media is one of the oldest and basic forms of mass communication. It includes
newspapers, weeklies, magazines, monthlies and other forms of printed journals.
Even after the advent of electronic media, the print media has not lost its
charm or relevance
¨ Printed
form of information dissemination
¨ Passing
information for various purpose
¨ More
informative in nature
Functions
¨ Collection
of knowledge
¨ Review
/ Analysis / interprets
Entertainment through literature
Broad cast
¨ In
general, to broadcast is to cast or throw
forth something in all directions at the same time. A radio or television
broadcast is a program that is transmitted over airwaves for public reception
by anyone with a receiver tuned to the right signal channel.
Educational
Broad casting
-Dissemination
of knowledge in wide range
-Use of new technology in Education
-Saving time
¨ Merits
- Wide coverage
- Speedy reaching
of information
- Apt for mass
education
- Less expensive
- Inter- active
- Support for adult
edn., distance edn. & online learning
Factors
considering in selection of Broad cast
- Apt for immediate
learning activities
- Content &
presentation
- Time
Role of
teacher in listening/ observing Ednal. Programmes in Radio/ TV:
- Pre broad cast session
- schedule
- time
- pre orientation
- infrastructure
- Broad cast session
- settings
- academic directions
- supervision
- clarifications
- Post broad cast session
- Reviewing
- Discussion
- Assignment
- Follow up
- Evaluation
- self evaluation
- Evaluation report to authority
Terrestrial television
¨ Terrestrial television is a mode of television broadcasting
which does not involve satellite transmission or cables — typically using radio
waves through transmitting and receiving antennas or television antenna
aerials.
- Terrestrial
television in India started with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on
15 September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular
daily transmission started in 1965 as a part of All India Radio. Television
services were separated from radio in 1976. National telecasts were introduced
in 1982. National telecasts were introduced in 1982.
Satellite Instructional Television
Experiment (SITE)
¨ The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment
or SITE was an experimental
satellite communications project launched in India in 1975, designed jointly by
NASA and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The project made
available informational television programmes to rural India. The main
objectives of the experiment were to educate the poor people of India on
various issues via satellite broadcasting, and also to help India gain
technical experience in the field of satellite communications.
TV Network
& Instructional Television
¨ Terrestrial
TV network in India before 1975
¨ 1975
influence of SITE launching
¨ TV
used for instructional purpose
¨ Supporting
system for class room teaching
Merits of multi sensory transmission
-
Direct Experience
-
Wide area coverage at the same time
-
Expert teaching to all
ITV
Limitations
-
Scheduling
-
Technical feasibility of institution
-
Lack of qualified teachers
-
Lack of good programme
-
Lack production team
-
Passive nature in learning
-
Immature concept
ITV
different forms
1. CCTV
(Closed Circuit TV)
2. OCTV
(Open Circuit TV)
3. Inter-
active Video
4. Tele text
& Video text
- -TV net work in a single region or School
-Production
cum transmission room
-Proper
networking & displaying
-No
regulations of commercial TV
- -Broadcast TV
-National
Network
-Mass
transmission
- -Visual database
-Lecture
demonstration/ illustration
-Interactive
teaching & learning
- -Limited broadcast TV
-Key
board receiver
-Choice
of Selection
Role of UGC
in ITV
¨ 1984
Aug.15- Country wide class room started with the cooperation of ISRO
¨ UGC wings
for ITV- (EMRC Educational Media Research Centre)
