ICT and EDUCATION

} ICTs stand for information and communication technologies and are defined, as a “diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.”These technologies include computers, the Internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and television), and telephony.

What is e-learning?

} e-learning encompasses learning at all levels, both formal and non-formal, that uses an information network—the Internet, an intranet (LAN) or extranet (WAN) whether wholly or in part, for course delivery, interaction and/or facilitation. Others prefer the term online learning. Web-based learning is a subset of e learning and refers to learning using an Internet browser (such as Netscape or Internet Explorer).

What is blended learning?

This refers to learning models that combine traditional classroom practice with e-learning solutions. For example, students in a traditional class can be assigned both print-based and online materials, have online mentoring sessions with their teacher through chat, and are subscribed to a class email list.

· “Blending” was prompted by the recognition that not all learning is best achieved in an electronically-mediated environment, particularly one that dispenses with a live

Instructor altogether.

Digital Age Literacy

} Functional literacy- Ability to decipher meaning and express ideas in a range of media; this includes the use of images, graphics, video, charts and graphs or visual literacy

} Scientific literacy- Understanding of both the theoretical and applied aspects of science and mathematics

} Technological literacy- Competence in the use of information and communication technologies

} Information literacy- Ability to find, evaluate and make appropriate use of information, including via the use of ICTs

} Cultural literacy -Appreciation of the diversity of cultures

} Global awareness- Understanding of how nations, corporations, and communities all over the world are interrelated

Inventive Thinking

} Adaptability-Ability to adapt and manage in a complex, interdependent world

} Curiosity- Desire to know

} Creativity- Ability to use imagination to create new things

} Risk-taking- Ability to take risks

Higher-Order Thinking-

Creative problem-solving and logical thinking that result in sound judgments

Effective Communication

} Teaming Ability - to work in a team

} Collaboration and interpersonal skills- Ability to interact smoothly and work effectively with others

} Personal and social responsibility - Be accountable for the way they use ICTs and to learn to use ICTs for the public good

} Interactive communication- Competence in conveying, transmitting, accessing and understanding information

} High Productivity- Ability to prioritize, plan, and manage programs and projects to achieve the desired Results Ability to apply what they learn in the classroom to real-life contexts to create relevant, high-quality products

How can the use of ICTs help improve the quality of education?

• Motivating to learn.

• Facilitating the acquisition of basic skills

• Enhancing teacher training

• Active learning

• Collaborative learning

• Creative Learning

• Integrative learning

• Evaluative learning

Traditional pedagogy:

} Active • Activities prescribed by teacher

• Whole class instruction

• Little variation in activities

• Pace determined by the programme

} Collaborative • Individual

• Homogenous groups

• Everyone for him/herself

} Creative • Reproductive learning

• Apply known solutions to problems

} Integrative • No link between theory and practice

• Separate subjects

• Discipline-based

• Individual teachers

} Evaluative • Teacher-directed

• Summative

Emerging pedagogy’ for the information society

Activities determined by learners

• Small groups • Many different activities

• Pace determined by learners

• Working in team

• Heterogeneous groups

• Supporting each other

• Productive learning

• Find new solutions to problems

• Integrating theory and practice

• Relations between subjects

• Thematic

• Teams of teachers

•Student-directed

• Diagnostic

How have computers and the Internet been used for teaching and learning?

} There are three general approaches to the instructional use of computers and the Internet, namely:

} 1) Learning about computers and the Internet, in which technological literacy is the end goal;

} 2) Learning with computers and the Internet, in which the technology facilitates learning across

the curriculum; and

} 3) Learning through computers and the Internet, integrating technological skills development

with curriculum applications

What does it mean to learn about computers and the Internet?

} Learning about computers and the Internet focuses on developing technological literacy. It typicallyincludes:

} • Fundamentals: basic terms, concepts and operations

} • Use of the keyboard and mouse

} • Use of productivity tools such as word processing, spreadsheets, data base and graphics programs

} • Use of research and collaboration tools such as search engines and email

} • Basic skills in using programming and authoring applications such as Logo or Hyper Studio

} • Developing an awareness of the social impact of technological change.

Origin of Computer

The term Computer, originally meant a person capable of performing numerical calculations with the help of a mechanical computing device. Binary arithmetic is at the core of the computers of all times. History of computers dates back to the invention of a mechanical adding machine in 1642. ABACUS, an early computing tool, invention of logarithm by John Napier and the invention of slide rules by William Oughtred were significant events in the evolution of computers.

Evolution of Computer

} In 1937 John V. Atanasoff devised the first digital electronic computer.

} Atanasoff and Clifford Berry came up with the ABC prototype in the November of 1939.

} Konrad Zuse’s electromechanical ‘Z Machines’, especially the Z3 of 1941 was a notable achievement in the evolution of computers.

} The Colossus machines were electronic computing devices used by British code breakers to help read encrypted German messages during World War II.

} The U.S. Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory came up with the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC) in 1946. It came to be known as the first general purpose electronic computer.

} UNIVAC 1(Universal Automatic Computer 1) was the commercial computer produced in USA. It was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mouchly, the inventors of ENIAC

} IBM(International Business Machines )650.

} Personal Computers( Desk Top, Lap Top, Palm Top)

Generations
(Computer)

} 1^st generation- Vacuum Tubes

} 2^nd generation-Transistor

} 3^rd generation- I C[Integrated Circuit] Chips

} 4^th generation- Micro processor

} 5^th generation- Artificial Intelligence

Hard disk

} A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or "hard disk drive," that stores and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces.

} It is the brain of a computer. Information storage capacity is measured in GB

Spreadsheet

— A spreadsheet is a computer application that simulates a paper, accounting worksheet. It displays multiple cells usually in a two-dimensional matrix or grid consisting of rows and columns.

— Data consolidating software

— Producing different types of data sheets

— Using for office work

Database

— A database is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality, in a way that supports processes requiring this information (for example, finding a hotel with vacancies).

— An integrated collection of related files

Data base function

1) Collecting data

2) Processing data

3) Storing of data

4) Dissemination of data

Entity

— An entity is something that has a distinct, separate existence, although it need not be a material existence. In particular, abstractions and legal fictions are usually regarded as entities. Sometimes, the word entity is used in a general sense of a being, whether or not the referent has material existence; e.g., is often referred to as an entity with no corporeal form, such as a language. It is also often used to refer to ghosts and other spirits.

— E.g. : Pen Bag, Mike stand etc

Attribute

— An attribute is a specification that defines a property of an object, element, or file.

— Features or properties that characterise an entity

e.g. Name, Colour, Price etc.

Database Management System (DBMS)

— A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and the use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications by database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. A database is an integrated collection of data records, files, and other database objects needed by an application.

— The objective DBMS is to provide a convenient & effective method of designing, storing and retrieving the information contained in the database

Web browser

— A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content

— The major web browsers are Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, Apple Safari and Opera.

— The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

Web server

— Web server can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the computer application) that helps to deliver that can be accessed through the Internet

— The most common use of Web servers is to host Web sites but there are other uses like data storage or for running enterprise applications.

Base of Computer

— Speed

— Accuracy

— Memory

A Computer System:

Inputs

— Key board

— Pointing Device

(a) Mouse (b) Light Pen

— Scanner

— Camera, Web Camera

— CD/Floppy

Outputs

— Monitor

— Printer

— Speaker

Peripherals:

Devices which are connected to the mother board of computer

— Printer

— Scanner

— Modem

— Speaker/Micro phone

CPU

CPU is a combination of many devices

— Power Switch

— Re start

— CD/ Floppy devices

— Processor

— Mother Board

— RAM

— Hard Disk

— Slots

Software- 2 types:

Operating Software

— Windows

— Linux

— Unix

— Solaris

Application Software

— MS office

— Photoshop

— PageMaker

— Power Point

— Corel Draw

Operating System

— An operating system is a system software that sits between the hardware and the application software we use in the computer. It acts as a system administrator and provides a platform on which application programme can be run

The Scroll bar

— In some cases a window’s size may not be enough to display all the necessary material inside that window. In such cases you see a scroll bar placed at the extreme right of the window. We can look a material by clicking on the scroll bar and dragging it down

RAM & ROM

Random Access Memory

— Mind of a computer

— Temporary memory

— Not exist in offline

Read Only Memory

— Sub conscious mind of a computer

— Permanent memory

— Exist in offline

Booting:

— Process of transforming required programmes from hard disk drive to RAM in order to perform the processor in specific tasks

Processor :

— Intelligence of a computer. Intel Pentium, Intel Quad Core etc. are examples. More neurons in brain means more intelligence. Like wise more transistors in processor means more speed and performance for a computer

Concept of Desk Top

— ICONS – Symbolic representation of a programme

— GUI(Graphical User Interface)- It gives a graphical interface to the user

— Mouse Pointer

— Task Bar

CD drive/Optical drive

— The drive needed to use CDs (Secondary Memory Unit). There should be a tray at the top of a CPU

Mother board

— Central platform of a computer which includes processor and RAM. Hard disk will be connected to the Mother board

Data & File

Inputing data

— Text

— Image

— sound

Saving a file

— Drive

— Folder

— File

BIT Memory

— 8 Bit – 1 Byte

— 1024 Byte – 1 Kilo byte (1 kb)

— 1024 Kb – 1 Mega byte (1 MB)

— 1024 MB – 1 Giga byte (1 GB)

— 1024 GB – 1 Terra byte (1 TB)

Local area network

} A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory or office building

Wide area network

— A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunication network that covers a broad area (i.e., any network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). Business and government entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical locations. In essence this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location.

Metropolitan area network

— A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fibre-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet.

Internet

— The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet can also be defined as a worldwide interconnection of computers and computer networks that facilitate the sharing or exchange of information among users.

History of Internet

— ARDANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network)

- this was the first systematic network. First launched in USA for military purpose

— JANET (Joined Academic Network)

- for academic purpose

Characteristics of Internet

-Store house of Knowledge

-Entertainment

-Global supermarket

-Communication Media

THE WEB

— Net working of computer

— Internet working

— Easy flow of information

— World wide coverage

— Biggest mass media

— Speed data transferring

Internet & World Wide Web(www):

— The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity between computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs

Internet as a Mass Media

— Main functions:

-Collection, distribution & interpretation of information

-Provision of a medium for different types communication like text voice, on-line etc

-Entertainment & Socialisation

-Transmission of social heritage from one region to another & from one generation to other

-Enrichment of economy & culture

-Provision of a worldwide single communication channel

Internet & Education:

Distance Education

-Planning of course

-Registration & admission

-Study materials & contact classes

-Online exam & feedback

-Online public exam & result

-Publication

Interactive Multimedia:

-Preparation & presentation of multi media packages for different purposes

-Wide use of different interactive devices

-Provision for two way learning

-Desktop video conferencing (Computer mediated communication)

Inter-active Technical Documentation

Electronic storing of data

Significance of internet media

Need & scope

Rapid growth in storage devices

Storing format

Picture / sound

ERNET

Education & research network

-Launched by India Govt.

-Nation wide network

-Promotion of research & employment

-Providing ISP service to educational institution to all over India

On-line teaching

“Students & teachers are away each other”

- Use of new technology

- E materials

- Modern communication techniques & devices

- On-line library

- On-line exam/result/certification

On-line teaching – Merits

- Informal & non- formal education

-Low cost & time saving

-Privacy

-Self Pacing

-Individual difference

-No need for formal set up

-Self motivation & self discipline

Content & Design of an on-line Teaching material

The scope of the materials should be determined & a creative treatment should be made. The subject expert should specify what will be taught & how it will be presented

Website:

— A website (also written Web site^[or simply site) is a collection of related web pages containing images, videos or other digital assets. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address also called URL.

— All publically accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web

— The pages of a website can usually be accessed from a simple Uniform Resource Locator (URL) called the homepage. The URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although hyperlinking between them conveys the reader's perceived site structure

World Wide Web (WWW)

— The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1990 by CERN physicist Tim Berners-Lee. On 30 April 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to use for anyone.

Website Address

— (1) Web Page

-Page in the website

-HTML format

-Consists of Hyper Links

— (2)Home Page

-First/ opening/introducing page of a website

-Provides links & heads to that site

All home pages are web pages, but all web pages are not home pages

Web Server

— Master computer consists website resources

— Collection of web sites

— Store house of data & information

Web Browsers

— Soft wares to interact with www

- Internet explorer

- Mozilla fire fox

- Google chrome

Surfing / Browsing

— Searching information in website using web browsers

Book Marking

— Saving the URL of visited site & making the list

Search Engines

— Help to search information on the net

-Google, Yahoo, Atta, Vista

E-mail(Electronic Mail)

— Mailing through a net work

-It is an electronic mail

- Provides free mail

Procedure of creating E-mail

— Step 1 – sign up

Go to the web site of an email provider & click the option Sign up

— Step 2 – enter primary details

— Step 3 – Creating user ID & pass word

— Step 4 – Signing the agreement

Word processor

— A word processor is a computer application used for the production (including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) of any sort of printable material. Microsoft Word is the most widely used word processing software.

— Components of DTP

MS word & open office writer

Free Software

— Freedom software –Linuz Torwaldis & Richard Stalman developed this software. Source code is available… can be copied, make improvements. So it is free software

Computer programming

— Computer programming is the iterative process of writing or editing source code. Editing source code involves testing, analyzing, and refining, and sometimes coordinating with other programmers on a jointly developed program. The sometimes lengthy process of computer programming is usually referred to as software development.

— Programme software may be used for a specific purpose. Eg. To give options for new pay scale or for admission to a course

Mail Merge

It is an option used in MS word for sending the same document to many people

— Create main document

— Create data source & get data

— Merge the data with the main document

Creating Slides in MS Power Point

— Preparation of story board

— Start

— Programme

— MS power point

— Format – Slide lay out

— Format – Colour/ design

— Entering the data

— Insert – inserting picture, movies, sound etc.

— Slide show – Present / custom animation

— Slide show- slide transition

— Insert – new slide

— Repeat the steps

— Slide show – view show

Internet Protocols

— Ips are the sets of rules that allows for inter-machine communication on the internet. Almost every protocol type is available on the internet is accessible on the web. The following major protocols are accessible on the web:

— E-mail (Simple Mail Transport Protocol or SMTP)

— Telnet (Telenet Protocol)

— FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

— Usenet (Network News Transfer Protocol or NNPT)

— HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Story Board

Includes:

1. A description of the over all scenes and action for the topic

2.Narration scripts for spoken audio voice

3.On screen text that the viewer will read

4.Text questions/ strategy with feed back

5.Descriptions of music & sound effects

6.descriptions of visuals to be displayed

7.File names for all multi-media elements

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

— Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the predominant markup language for web pages. HTML elements are the basic building-blocks of WebPages.

— A format for creating Web pages

Text editors like Notepad, G-edit etc can be used for writing HTML. Letters, Figures, Charts etc can be displayed easily using HTML

- File format HTML

- Creating Web Page

- Create files using text editor note pad

- Save the file as HTML

Format for writing HTML file

— All files begin with and ends with

— The text between and describes the web page

— The text between and is the visible page content

— The text between

and

is displayed as a heading

— The text between

and
is displayed as a paragraph

HTML Mailto

— The mailto is a quick way to add the facility of receiving feedback from visitor on your web site. With the HTML mailto, you create a link which when clicked by the visitor launches (if it's not already running) their email program with a new email message window. The visitor could then formulate the email message and send it off to you.

The Basic form of HTML mailto

— In its bare form a mailto looks like:

Send me an email And this is displayed as:

Send me an email

ICT in Education

- Nature of new IT

— Speed, accuracy, time & space

New ICT & Learning

— Pre- School/ Home

— Primary level

— Secondary level

— Higher education

— Teacher Education

— Vocational education

— Non- formal education

— Adult education

ICT based testing & Monitoring

— Question Setting

— Question banking

— Testing

— Valuation & result

— Item analysis

— Use of DBMS

— Monitoring- keeping personal data, Assessing performance, Giving Suggestions

ICT in Class room

— From Behaviourism to Constructivism

- Psychological way of thinking

- Construction of knowledge

- Inquiry/ Scientific method

- Learning through social interaction

- Global society

- Bring society into the class room

(Internet & Multi- media merits)

Impact of ICT

1. Higher order thinking

2. Divergent thinking

3. Scientific temperament

4. Learning by doing

5. Real & concrete experience

6. Learner centered teaching & learning

7. Concept of Multiple Intelligence

8. Both IQ & EQ develops

9. Equal opportunity to all

10. Considering individual difference

11. Co- operative & Collaborative learning

12. Play-way method- Stress on games

Health issues related to the use of ICT

— Computer area

- sitting down with good posture

- Feet should touch the floor

- support the lumber area

- Tip seat forward

- Position of monitor

- Use a document holder

- Take breaks & shift your position

- Use wrist supports for the key board & mouse

- Phone position

Physical Fatigue ( Use of ICT)

1. Eye strain & problems with vision

( blurring & itching Being typical)

2. Head aches – Prolonged staring at the screen

3. Check that the light levels are comfortable & that not dealing with screen reflected glare from windows or lighting

4. Back should be straight & top of the monitor should be just below the eye level

Information Technology

— Everything under the roof of communication of information

New Technologies in IT

-Invention of micro processor

-Storage & memory technology

-Reprography

-Nano technology

IT developments in India

1.Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Kolkotha – Firstly Computerised

Official IT Portal in India- National Informatics centre (NIC)… Leads IT in India, Advise the Govt. in IT matters

NICNET- NIC Network

2.Indonet

-Commercial network, banking network, exporting softwares

3.NCSDCT- National Centre for Software Development & Computing Technology

-1974 at TATA institute of fundamental research

-software engineering

-networking & graphical oriented society

4. C-DAC- Centre for Development of Advanced Technology

- Under Ministry of Communication & Information

- Training & development of human resource in IT research & development

PACE – Programme for Advancing computer Education

ACTS – Advanced Computer Training School

NMRC – National Multimedia Resource Centre

5.CMC – Computer Maintenance Corporation

- Development of electronics

- Hardware engineering

- Computer maintenance

Information Technology

• Everything under the roof of communication of information

New Technologies in IT

-Invention of micro processor

-Storage & memory technology

-Reprography

-Nano technology

IT developments in India:

1.Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Kolkotha – Firstly Computerised

Official IT Portal in India- National Informatics centre (NIC)… Leads IT in India, Advise the Govt. in IT matters

NICNET- NIC Network

2.Indonet

-Commercial network, banking network, exporting softwares

3.NCSDCT- National Centre for Software Development & Computing Technology

-1974 at TATA institute of fundamental research

-software engineering

-networking & graphical oriented society

4. C-DAC- Centre for Development of Advanced Technology

- Under Ministry of Communication & Information

- Training & development of human resource in IT research & development

PACE – Programme for Advancing computer Education

ACTS – Advanced Computer Training School

NMRC – National Multimedia Resource Centre

5. CMC – Computer Maintenance Corporation

- Development of electronics

- Hardware engineering

- Computer maintenance

IT in Kerala

¨ IT@School

¨ Intel cor.

¨ State Project Coordinator

¨ District Project Coordinator

¨ Akshaya Project

¨ E-governance

Communication

¨ Communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and a recipient. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message of the sender.

Barriers to Effective Communication

1.Filtering

¨ Filtering is the deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver.

2.Selective Perception

¨ Selective perception is the personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our own needs. Much of this process is psychological and often unconscious.

3.Emotions

¨ A mental state that arises spontaneously rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes; a feeling: the emotions of joy, sorrow, hate, and love. The emotions of sender & receiver will affect communication

4.Language

¨ Human language is unique because it is a symbolic communication system that is learned instead of biologically inherited. But if we don’t understand the correct meaning of the language used by others, that will definitely create problems

Noise in communication

• The Goal of all communication is understanding. Anything which interferes with this is called Noise

¨ Noise may be in three forms- External, Internal & Semantic

External- Anything outside of a person that distracts him/ her during communication- Sights, Sounds, Smell, Environmental factors etc.
Thoughts or feelings that interfere with communication- Day dreaming, feeling tired, ill
Reactions aroused unintentionally by symbols or words, causing listener to abruptly focus on a un related topic- Discriminatory remarks, controversial symbols

Communication Network

Satellites, transponders TV, www, internet & multimedia computer education can be provided everyone who needed

¨ 1. Chain Network:

In a chain network, the sender communicates with one receiver(No.1) who then communicates with the next receiver & so on until the message is received by the last receiver.

¨ Wheel Network

¨ Sender in a central Position

¨ He/she communicates to all

¨ May be one way or two way

Star Network

¨ Peer Network

¨ Everyone communicates mutually

¨ No importance to sender

Media Selection Factors

1.Task Factor

A work assigned for implementation

2.Learner Factor

Three domains of learner- Learner centered

3.Economic Factor

Most effective, least cost, easy available

4. Instructional strategy Factor

Teaching & learning strategy, Methods of teaching, Teacher/ learner centered

5.Technical factor

Technically qualified teacher, Feasibility of School, Infrastructure

6.Management Factor

Planning, Execution, Evaluation

Multi- Sensory Approach

“Information is flowing through the different senses- then by learner gets a totality of experience & maximum stimulation”

¨ Merits of Multi sensory Approach

- Totality of Experience

- Reality of Experience

- Clear concept formation

- Motivated learning

- Multi sensory stimulation

- Free flow of communication

- Long lasting retention

- Self pacing

- Low cost

- Time saving

- Scientific temper

Role of Audio- Visuals

¨ “Audio visual aid is multi- sensory materials and best antidote to the disease of verbalism”-

Edgar dale

LANGUAGE LAB:

- Origin in USA

- -Developed in UK

- -Self pacing facility in language development

- -Stress for communicative aspect

- A LL is a room containing such equipments as audio- tape recorders and computers that would help students to learn a foreign language with or without the help of a teacher

Components of language lab

Control Room – store house of material
Advisory/ console room- teacher’s room/ Transmission room
Hearing booth/ Operators room/ 16-20 booths/ sound proof booth

CAS/SDI

¨ Current Awareness Service

- Right information on right time

- Public service

- Subscribe to research information about a specific subject on the basis of our own search criteria

- will be notified about the new information through an email message

¨ Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI)

Reprographic Service

Process & method used for copying& duplicating documents

¨ Re- production of documents

¨ Easy availability

¨ Popular access

¨ Wide spread use

¨ Assist CAI & SDI

Reprography

Non- Photographic

1. Manual

- Manual transcription, Type writing

2. Mechanical

- Cyclostyle

- Offset

Photographic

1. Exposure

a. Direct contact method- one side

b. Contact reflex method- two side

c. Optical method- digitalised

2. Development

a. Silver halide process-

Black & white photos

b. Diazo process- Using diazoniam salt

Reprography & Copy right

¨ Indian copy right act 1957

¨ Life time + 50 years after death

¨ Challenges in copy right

¨ Piracy

Micro forms

• This is a printed item that has been reduced to a size too small to be read by the unaided eye. Microfiche and Microfilm are types of Microforms and require the use of a Microform reader. Term used to represent all types of micro documents

• Transparent or opaque

• Roll or sheet form

• Too small to read with naked eyes

• Analyse or reading equipment is needed to enlarge- it becomes readable

• Readers for Micro transparencies/ micro opaque or hand viewers are used for reading micro forms

Common Micro forms

Microfilm is a type of Microfiche which resembles a large roll of camera film. A single Microfilm roll can hold many more pages than a Microfiche page.

Micro film

- Ribbon or a strip of 22.5 cm

- Clarity

- Cheaper

- Risk in keeping

2. Micro Fiche

Microfiche is a type of Microform which consists of a single sheet of plastic that can hold numerous copied pages. If an article or document is comprised of hundreds of pages, many Microfiche sheets may be needed.

¨ - Micro transparency

¨ - Sheets having number of rows of image or data

¨ - 75x 125 mm, 90x 120 mm, 105x 148 mm, 105x 150 mm

¨ - Listing purpose like

¨ Bibliographic details

3. Ultra fiche

Ultrafiche is an exceptionally compact version of a microfiche or microfilm, storing analog data at much higher densities.

- advanced form of Micro fiche

- 3200 pages in 105 x 148 mm UF film

- Library use

4. Micro card

A memory card or flash memory card is a solid-state electronic flash memory data storage device

-is a micro-opaque card used for storage of miniaturized text.

Photographic produced micro opaque

5. Micro Print

-Microprinting is one of many anti-counterfeiting techniques used most often on currencyand bank checks, as well as various other items of value.

- When the note or item is placed in a photocopier or computer scanner, a line of microprint text will appear to the copier or scanner as a dotted or solid line

-Printing by a special offset process

6. Micro form readers

Devices to read micro film, micro fiche or micro card

-Hand viewers

- Micro transparency readers

- Micro opaque

Merits of Micro forms

¨ The advantages of microforms are that they allow for the compact storage of very large amounts of printed material in a small space and are not subject to the kind of deterioration that destroys print collections. Microforms are often the only available access to certain types of printed matter.

-Storage media

- Cheaper

- Less spaced Communication

Resource Centres

An extended library centre which provide resource materials for teaching & learning.

- Providing multi dimensional learning & teaching materials

¨ Functions of resource centre

Information centre (a. Store house of knowledge b. Books, periodicals, journals etc.)
Take away centre ( -Borrowing of materials, - Make use of everything on the basis of certain rules)
Knowledge Exchange Centre ( Discussion, Seminar, Symposium, Demonstration)
Offering variety courses (Short term courses, diploma programmes, Special coaching programmes)
Research Development (Promoting innovations, Conducting Projects, Providing Scholarships, Guidance & Counselling)
Community sharing centre

Resource Centres in Schools & Colleges

¨ Proper space

¨ Equipments

¨ Service facilities

¨ Provision for utilisation

¨ Funding & budgeting

¨ Connecting with school activities & time table

Educational Technology Cell (ETC)

¨ In 1972 ETC established in India for Educational broad casting

¨ 1972-1974- started in Maharashtra & Gujarat

¨ Promoting the use of new technology in Education

Educational Technology Cell (ETC)

Objectives

¨ Quality education for all

¨ Universalisation of Elementary Education(UEE)

¨ Check drop outs & stagnation

¨ Coordinating Educational Technology

¨ Production of multi media

Functions

¨ Educational broad casting

¨ Linking with TV & Radio

¨ Producing & Providing technical resources

¨ Make use of AV technology for quality education

Mass Media

¨ Mass media is media which is intended for a large audience. It may take the form of broadcast media, as in the case of television and radio, or print media, like newspapers and magazines. Internet media can also attain mass media status, and many mass media outlets maintain a web presence to take advantage of the ready availability of Internet in many regions of the world. Some people also refer to the mass media as the “mainstream media”

Educational Mass media

¨ News paper

¨ Radio

¨ Television

¨ Cinema

¨ Internet

Utilising for

- For instructional Purpose

- Universalisation of Educational opportunities

- Education for all

Folk media

¨ A group having their own tradition &customs

¨ Share some common factors

Folklore

¨ The traditional beliefs, practices, customs, stories, jokes, songs (etc.) of a people, handed down orally or behaviorally from individual to individual.

¨ The sum total of the life style of both socio & cultural( Arts/ craft) aspects.

¨ Folk media uses to express or perform folklore are:

verbal, musical, visual

Folk Media

Role of Folk Media

¨ Reflection of the characteristics of a community

¨ Awareness programme

¨ Entertainment

Folk media today

¨ Scope of folklore

¨ Diversional Indian culture

¨ New media culture & folklore

¨ Impact of e-media

Print Media

¨ Print media is one of the oldest and basic forms of mass communication. It includes newspapers, weeklies, magazines, monthlies and other forms of printed journals. Even after the advent of electronic media, the print media has not lost its charm or relevance

¨ Printed form of information dissemination

¨ Passing information for various purpose

¨ More informative in nature

Functions

¨ Collection of knowledge

¨ Review / Analysis / interprets

Entertainment through literature

Broad cast

¨ In general, to broadcast is to cast or throw forth something in all directions at the same time. A radio or television broadcast is a program that is transmitted over airwaves for public reception by anyone with a receiver tuned to the right signal channel.

Educational Broad casting

-Dissemination of knowledge in wide range

-Use of new technology in Education

-Saving time

¨ Merits

- Wide coverage

- Speedy reaching of information

- Apt for mass education

- Less expensive

- Inter- active

- Support for adult edn., distance edn. & online learning

Factors considering in selection of Broad cast

- Apt for immediate learning activities

- Content & presentation

- Time

Role of teacher in listening/ observing Ednal. Programmes in Radio/ TV:

Pre broad cast session

- schedule

- time

- pre orientation

- infrastructure

Broad cast session

- settings

- academic directions

- supervision

- clarifications

Post broad cast session

- Reviewing

- Discussion

- Assignment

- Follow up

Evaluation

- self evaluation

- Evaluation report to authority

Terrestrial television

¨ Terrestrial television is a mode of television broadcasting which does not involve satellite transmission or cables — typically using radio waves through transmitting and receiving antennas or television antenna aerials.

- Terrestrial television in India started with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15 September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started in 1965 as a part of All India Radio. Television services were separated from radio in 1976. National telecasts were introduced in 1982. National telecasts were introduced in 1982.

Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE)

¨ The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment or SITE was an experimental satellite communications project launched in India in 1975, designed jointly by NASA and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The project made available informational television programmes to rural India. The main objectives of the experiment were to educate the poor people of India on various issues via satellite broadcasting, and also to help India gain technical experience in the field of satellite communications.

TV Network & Instructional Television

¨ Terrestrial TV network in India before 1975

¨ 1975 influence of SITE launching

¨ TV used for instructional purpose

¨ Supporting system for class room teaching

Merits of multi sensory transmission

- Direct Experience

- Wide area coverage at the same time

- Expert teaching to all

ITV Limitations

- Scheduling

- Technical feasibility of institution

- Lack of qualified teachers

- Lack of good programme

- Lack production team

- Passive nature in learning

- Immature concept

ITV different forms

1. CCTV (Closed Circuit TV)

2. OCTV (Open Circuit TV)

3. Inter- active Video

4. Tele text & Video text

-TV net work in a single region or School

-Production cum transmission room

-Proper networking & displaying

-No regulations of commercial TV

-Broadcast TV

-National Network

-Mass transmission

-Visual database

-Lecture demonstration/ illustration

-Interactive teaching & learning

-Limited broadcast TV

-Key board receiver

-Choice of Selection

Role of UGC in ITV

¨ 1984 Aug.15- Country wide class room started with the cooperation of ISRO

¨ UGC wings for ITV- (EMRC Educational Media Research Centre)

sudevaragam

Suresh Kumar

Monday, July 9, 2012

Information & Communication Technology for B.Ed.

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